Overview
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and long-term breathing difficulties. The condition is progressive in nature and significantly affects quality of life due to reduced lung function. COPD commonly develops as a result of prolonged exposure to harmful particles or gases.
Types of COPD
- Chronic Bronchitis: Long-term productive cough with excessive mucus secretion and airway inflammation.
- Emphysema: Progressive damage to the alveoli resulting in reduced gas exchange and breathlessness.
Causes (Nidana)
- Tobacco smoking
- Occupational exposure to dust, chemicals, and fumes
- Air pollution
- Genetic predisposition
- Recurrent respiratory infections
- Environmental irritants
Signs and Symptoms
- Occasional shortness of breath, especially after physical exertion
- Mild but recurrent cough
- Frequent need to clear the throat, especially in the morning
- Wheezing or noisy breathing
- Chest tightness
- Chronic cough with or without mucus
- Frequent colds, flu, or other respiratory infections
- Reduced energy levels
Advanced Symptoms
- Shortness of breath even with mild activity
- Severe fatigue
- Swelling of feet, ankles, or legs
- Unintentional weight loss
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination and medical history
- Pulmonary function tests (Spirometry)
- Chest X-ray or CT scan
- Blood investigations, when required
Ayurvedic Perspective
In Ayurveda, COPD can be correlated with conditions such as Tamaka Shwasa and Kasa, involving vitiation of Vata and Kapha Dosha. Accumulated Kapha obstructs the respiratory channels (Pranavaha Srotas), while aggravated Vata causes difficulty in breathing.
Ayurvedic Treatment Approach
- Nidana Parivarjana: Avoidance of causative factors through diet and lifestyle modification
- Shamana Chikitsa: Pacification therapies to balance Vata and Kapha Dosha
- Shodhana Chikitsa: Bio-purificatory therapies, when indicated, based on patient strength
The treatment aims to reduce symptoms, prevent disease progression, improve lung function, and enhance quality of life.
Supportive and Additional Measures
- Regular practice of Yogasana
- Pranayama to improve respiratory efficiency
- Avoidance of smoking and polluted environments
- Adequate rest and balanced nutrition
- Stress management techniques
