Overview
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition caused by differences in brain development. It affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. Globally, approximately 1 in 100 children are diagnosed with ASD. The condition varies widely in severity and presentation, and symptoms usually appear in early childhood.
Types of Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Mild ASD: Difficulties in social interaction and communication with relatively independent functioning.
- Moderate ASD: Noticeable challenges in communication and behavior, requiring structured support.
- Severe ASD: Significant impairments in social interaction, communication, and daily functioning, requiring extensive support.
Causes (Nidana)
- Genetic predisposition and inherited conditions
- Neurodevelopmental differences
- Environmental influences affecting brain development
- Prenatal and perinatal factors
Common Features and Symptoms
- Avoidance or limited eye contact
- Does not respond to name by 9 months of age
- Reduced facial expressions such as happiness, sadness, or surprise
- Delayed speech, language, and communication skills
- Delayed motor and cognitive development
- Hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive behavior
- Difficulty with social interaction and emotional reciprocity
Diagnosis
There is no specific laboratory test to diagnose ASD. Diagnosis is primarily based on observation of the child’s behavior, assessment of developmental milestones, and evaluation of communication and social interaction skills. Early diagnosis allows timely intervention and better outcomes.
Ayurvedic Perspective
From an Ayurvedic viewpoint, ASD is considered a disorder involving Manovaha Srotas and Majja Dhatu, with predominance of Vata Dosha. Imbalance of Vata during early development affects cognitive, sensory, and behavioral functions.
Ayurvedic Treatment Approach
- Internal medications for balancing Vata Dosha
- Medhya Rasayanas to support cognitive development
- Panchakarma therapies based on age, severity, and patient condition
- Therapies aimed at strengthening the nervous system
The treatment focuses on improving functional abilities, behavior, communication, and overall quality of life.
Supportive Lifestyle Measures
- Balanced and nutritious diet appropriate for the child
- Structured daily routine with adequate sleep and rest
- Therapeutic exercises and play therapy
- Behavioral, speech, and occupational therapy support
- Parental guidance and family counseling
